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ICAO codes are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning.
They differ from IATA codes, which are generally used for airline timetables, reservations, and baggage tags.
For example, the IATA code for London’s Heathrow Airport is LHR and its ICAO code is EGLL.
Most travelers usually see the IATA code on baggage tags and tickets and the ICAO code on flight-tracking services such as FlightAware.
In general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of the airport or the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed by region and country.
ICAO codes are also used to identify other aviation facilities such as weather stations, International Flight Service Stations or Area Control Centers, whether or not they are located at airports.

METAR is a format for reporting weather information.
A METAR weather report is predominantly used by pilots in fulfillment of a part of a pre-flight weather briefing, and by meteorologists, who use aggregated METAR information to assist in weather forecasting.
RAW METAR is the most popular format in the world for the transmission of weather data.
It is highly standardized through International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which allows it to be understood throughout most of the world.

In meteorology and aviation, TAF is a format for reporting weather forecast information, particularly as it relates to aviation. “TAF” is an acronym of terminal aerodrome forecast or, in some countries, terminal area forecast.
TAFs apply to approximately five statute miles (about 4.3 nautical mails or 8km) radius from the center of the airport runway complex.
Generally, TAFs apply to a 24-hour period; and, as of November 5, 2008, TAFs for many major airports cover 30-hour periods.
The date/time group reflects the new 24 or 30 hour period in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), as always.